Anthurium - description of species, tips for care and propagation at home. 130 photos of a flower and stages of its cultivation

If you want to decorate your home with bright flowers that will sparkle in the damp and cold seasons, then, undoubtedly, you should pay attention to the amazing Anthurium plant. Its homeland is the tropical forests of Central and South America. Anthuriums that require attention to care are ready to bloom all year round. They are not afraid of stressful situations - after them, plants quickly recover.

Botanical description

Anthurium is the most widely represented genus in the family Araceae. It covers up to 900 plant species. They can be herbaceous evergreens or vines. They also include epiphytes, which grow in the tropics on trees and are distinguished by aerial roots that hang to the ground. Anthuriums also include lithophytes that grow on rocks and stones.

The flower is distinguished by a variety of leaf blade shapes. It can be heart-shaped, spade-shaped, round or have a dissection. Growing in natural conditions, the plant turns its leaves towards the sun's rays. Blooming Anthurium looks especially beautiful.

The flowers come in a wide variety - you can find dense varieties of red, white, purple, burgundy and green shades. Some varieties have multi-colored bracts. The inflorescence has the shape of a spadix with flowers in the form of a club, cone, spiral or ball. They are located closely on the cob in diamonds or squares.

Flowers emit a variety of scents. It can be a subtle aroma or a strong fragrance. The smell can be pleasant or foul. Flowering lasts the whole year. Flowers remain on the plant for up to 1.5 months.

If you pollinate a flower, it produces yellow or orange berries with 2 seeds. The decorative quality of Anthurium deteriorates over time, which is manifested in a decrease in the size of the leaves and dryness of the trunk. In this case, the plant must be rejuvenated.

The following types of flowers are grown as indoor plants:

• Anutrium Andre is a large flower with heart-shaped leaves. The petioles are long, and aerial roots are present on the stems.
• Anthurium Scherzer - the epiphyte has short stems up to 40 cm. The leathery leaves have a dark green tint, and black dots can be seen on both sides. The bedspread has a red tint.
• The ornamental plant Anthurium magnificent has become famous - a low-growing flower with green leaves decorated with white veins.

Plant varieties and photos with them

In indoor floriculture, the two most common species are Anthurium Andre and Anthurium Scherzer. For both of these the red bract color is more typical, but there are a number of white cultivars.

Due to its large size, Anthurium Andre is most often grown in greenhouses, but is also suitable for home use. Among the most common varieties are white.

White Champion

White Champion. A variety with a yellowish ear on a high peduncle . The snow-white bract is beautifully curved. Over time, a light green tint appears.

White Heart

White Heart. The ear of this variety is bright pink with a more intense color closer to the tip, the bract is white and pointed.

Acropolis (Acropolis)

Acropolis (Acropolis). The spadix is ​​light yellow at the base, with a bright yellow tip reminiscent of a candle flame. The bract is snow-white, the shape is close to round. This variety is characterized by large leaves .

Polaris (North Star)

Polaris (Polar Star). The cob is white, acquiring a pinkish tint over time. The bract - elongated, pointed, with beautiful curves - resembles a ray of a star. As it blooms it turns greenish.

Scherzer

Anthurium Scherzer is more suitable for rooms and offices . A distinctive feature is the cob, slightly twisted in a spiral. Among the white varieties, the most famous is Album with a white cob and a white oval bract. Scherzer anthurium varieties are described here.

Illumination

The plant prefers bright but diffused light. It can be placed either on the south side of the house or with windows facing east or west. The shade resistance of the flower allows it to grow on the north side, but you will not achieve flowering.

Winter lighting is required for bud formation. On windows with a southern orientation, flowering is possible even in winter. In hot summers it should be removed from direct sunlight.

Flower rejuvenation

What significantly distinguishes pink anthuriums from many indoor plants is the need for rejuvenation. The lower leaves gradually begin to die off, exposing the trunk, thereby disturbing the lush structure of the rosette, as well as the decorative appearance of the flower. And as a result, leaves begin to appear smaller and smaller. Rejuvenation is carried out not by age, but by appearance and only directly during the transplant.

There are two update options:

1. It is necessary to separate the side shoots along with the roots and grow new bushes from them. Deepen the old bush a little into the ground and grow it until it is replaced by a new young plant.
2. It is necessary to cut off the upper part with aerial roots and root it in slightly moistened soil and under a hood. And for an old plant, reduce soil moisture and just keep it slightly moist. After some time, many rosettes will appear on the trunk; they can then be separated and planted as separate bushes.

Watering rules

To moisten the soil, watering is necessary at regular intervals of 3-4 days. Warm water is preferred. Winter watering can be reduced to once every 7 days. The flower is demanding on proper watering - you should not overdry the soil, but you should not create stagnation of moisture.

After watering, you need to wait and remove excess water. Do not use lime-type water or low temperature water.

Diseases and pests

Anthurium is susceptible:

1. Fungal diseases such as anthracnose, septoria, as well as parasites - mealybugs, thrips, aphids. To destroy them, special fungicides and insecticides are used.
2. Also, at low temperatures and a lack of microelements, the leaves may curl and wrinkle.

Among the variety of species and varieties of anthuriums, it is difficult to choose the right plant for yourself. To make the choice easier, we have prepared materials for information about Anthurium Black, including Black Queen (Black Prince), Dakota, Cavalli, Hooker, Utah, as well as pink and crystal.

Soil requirements

To plant a plant, a special mixture is required, including humus, unsifted leaf soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1:0.5. Broken brick is added to the soil; it is also advisable to add cones, moss, and charcoal.

The use of coarse components in a volume of up to 15% of the total soil increases the movement of moisture and air in the substrate. Slightly acidic soil with a pH value of 5.5-6.5 is considered preferable.

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How to care

- The soil. To plant indoor plants, you can use ready-made soil, which is purchased in specialized stores or garden centers. You can also mix the soil yourself, for this you need to take leaf, turf soil, humus, peat, sphagnum moss and sand (four parts leaf, two parts each turf, humus, peat and one part each moss and sand), you should also add to the mixture bone meal. When planting or compiling the soil, I always add perlite or vermiculite; this helps aerate the soil, loosens it and allows the root system to breathe. For anthuriums, the soil is also suitable for orchids.

- Landing. As for the container, the pot should not be deep; a container that is not tall with wide edges is ideal. Be sure to put expanded clay at the bottom of the pot, or you can use shards from broken pots. Good drainage is the key to plant health, especially since Anthurium Andre is very sensitive to stagnant moisture. A little higher than the base, you can make additional holes. Anthuriums love close growing conditions, so the pot should be slightly larger than the earthen ball of the plant itself. The top layer of soil can be covered with sphagnum moss. When planting a plant, carefully remove it from the shipping pot (the one in which you bought it), carefully with the roots - they are very fragile.

- Transfer. Each plant should be replanted as it fills the pot. If the pot becomes small, the plant should be replanted. Anthuriums at a young age are replanted annually; then, once the plant is more than five years old, it is enough to replant it once every three years. But there is a peculiarity: the maximum decorative life of a plant is 1-3 years, then it needs to be renewed, divided or cuttings. When replanting an anthurium, you need to analyze and inspect the roots; if dried or rotten roots are found, they should be removed/trimmed immediately. If you notice diseases of the root system, you should treat the plant with phytosporin and completely replace the soil. When replanting, try to plant the plant at the same level as it grew in the previous pot; do not plant the anthurium too deep, as this may cause the stem to rot. It is advisable to keep the newly purchased plant indoors for several days, during which time it will get used to your room and replanting will not be additional stress for the anthurium. It is enough to remove the plant and inspect the roots. The recommended time for adaptation is a couple of weeks, but usually in stores the plants are for sale and their care is minimal, so I usually replant after two or three days, sometimes immediately after purchase.

Transplantation

For abundant flowering, regular replanting of the plant is required. Young flowers are replanted annually in the spring, and adults - once every 2 years. The container is taken shallow. When transplanting, fresh substrate is added. You can use soil for aroids or orchids. A drainage pad is laid out at the bottom. When transplanted, the children are seated.

Flowering conditions

If favorable conditions are created for this plant, it will bloom almost throughout the year. If there is no flowering, then it means that errors were made in the care.

• If the dormancy regime is not observed, the flower may not release buds. In order for next year's buds to set, the anthurium must be kept in a cool room in winter at a temperature of about +15 degrees. Watering in winter is reduced.
• You cannot feed this plant in autumn and winter, otherwise it will not bloom.
• In winter, anthuriums suffer from a lack of natural light. Therefore, during short daylight hours, additional lighting should be provided.
• Anthurium simply will not bloom in a large pot. For the flowering of this plant, a properly selected pot is of great importance. Until the roots fill the entire volume of the pot, you should not transfer the plant to a larger container. It makes sense to get abundant flowering from the anthurium by transplanting it into a tighter pot.
• If the soil in the flowerpot is old and poor, then the plant may also not bloom. The flower simply will not have enough nutrients to set buds. The soil needs to be updated annually.
• If the flower grows at low temperatures, then you may also not wait for it to bloom. The optimal temperature for all anthuriums after dormancy is +20 degrees.
• When the plant has finished blooming, all faded flowers should be cut off.

Indoor anthurium

Let's take a closer look at indoor anthurium, varieties with photos and names:

Anthurium Andreanum. A flower from tropical Colombian and Ecuadorian forests is a symbol of Hawaii, which is why it is called the Heart of Hawaii. It decorates not only rooms, but also landscapes. On its basis, many new forms and colors of the crop have been created with long-lived inflorescences that retain their decorative effect for 2.5-4 weeks.

On the short stem of the flower there are oval-lanceolate leaves with heart-shaped bases. Length of plant parts:

• leaves – 24-30 cm, width – 8-13 cm;
• petioles with bends – 26-35 cm;
• yellowish cob (inflorescence) – 5-9 cm;
• the length and width of the heart-shaped spathe (bract) is 18-20 cm.

The blanket comes in different colors: red, pink, salmon, white, as well as two-tone (Obake) and green (Midori), purple and brown. Surrounded by a blanket, the yellow-white inflorescences remain in the flowering stage for almost a month. Then the blanket becomes rougher, but does not fall off.

Anthurium Scherzerianum. It is called the “pigtail” because of its low growth, narrow leaves and thin spiral-shaped spadix, and also “flamingo flower” due to its orange curved inflorescence. The leaves are dark green, have a pointed tip and edge on both sides, are linear or lanceolate in shape, the base is obtuse or wedge-shaped. They are matte below and glossy above, reach a length of 6-25 cm, a width of 1.6-6.6 cm. They are supported by cylindrical petioles 4-20 cm long and 1-3 mm in diameter. The bright red bedspread with or without a dotted pattern is shaped like a heart bent downwards.

Anthurium Crystal (Anthurium crist). The appearance is distinguished by the deep green color of the leaves with the presence of light veins and neighboring areas, and the greenish-yellow coloring of the cob. Due to the presence of a caudex - a thickening of the trunk in the form of a ball, bottle or column and a rod root system, it is placed in the substrate. The petioles of large, spreading leaves have veins with a silver tint. The leaves, 20-30 cm long and 16-20 cm wide, are oval in shape, deeply lobed at the base, and narrowly pointed at the apex. The peduncle reaches a length of 25-50 cm, and the flower - 20 cm. Around the flower there is a light green blanket with a purple tint. The berries are purple. The diameter of the stem is 2-2.5 cm, the length is 24 cm, it has short internodes.

Anthurium mix by Andre and Scherzer

In the process of crossing the Andre and Scherzer varieties, the Anthurium mix of Andre and Scherzer was obtained. Their bedspread is colored in tones: milky white, pink, orange, deep red and greenish. The plant reaches a height of 50-70 to 80 cm. It is grown for office and home use in flower pots, and in greenhouses for cutting and adding flowers to bouquets.

The leaves are dark green, 6-25 cm long, 1.6-6.6 cm wide, with a pointed tip. They are linear and lanceolate in shape, the base is obtuse or wedge-shaped. The surface of the leaves of the Scherzer and Andre anthurium mix is ​​decorated with a thick edge on both sides, matte below and glossy above. The petioles reach sizes of 4-20 cm in length and 1-3 mm in diameter.

Coloring of Anthurium varieties Andre and Scherzer

Let's look at the types of Anthurium mix Andre and Scherzer according to color and name.

White

Among the white varieties, the most popular are:

Champion White;

• Sumi.

The white-pink variety includes Princess Amalia Elegance.

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Reds

The most famous red varieties include:

• Dakota;
• Sierra Magic;

Turenza – Perfectred.

Among the red-green crops, a variety of Anthurium adrianum called Baby Boom is known. Other popular varieties of anthurium mix by Scherzer and Andre include: Almera, Bugatti Veyron, Champion Red, Dynamite Red, Red King, Royal Champion Royal Champion), Success Red.

Pink

The group of pink varieties includes anthuriums with a wide heart-shaped or elongated perianth and shiny bright green leaf plates up to 30 cm in length:

• Jolie;
• Lady Love;

Reproduction

The indoor anthurium flower can reproduce in several ways, but the most effective is the use of children and division of the plant. Reproduction occurs in the spring during planting. The division is carried out using a sharp knife, and the sections are treated with crushed coal. After division, the plants are placed in different containers.

Seed propagation is also possible. However, not everyone can cope with the task in indoor conditions. When flowering begins, Anthurium should be pollinated by running a cotton swab over the cob. Cross-pollination is necessary for 2-3 days, repeating the procedure up to 3 times a day. After the berries appear, they wait until they ripen - approximately 9-12 months.

When propagating, you should take ripened seeds and clean them of pulp. Then they are planted in pots. Placed on top of the soil, the seeds are pressed a little and sprinkled with water. The seedlings are transferred to a greenhouse and wait up to 2 weeks.

After the formation of the second leaf, a dive is performed, and after 2 months this is done again. When the seedlings have 5-6 leaves, they can be planted in pots. In the third year, flowering occurs, as can be seen in the photo of anthurium.

Flower design.

Anthurium, regardless of type or variety. Excellent as a single plant. You can create a composition from several types of anthurium. Pink anthurium will go well with white or purple anthuriums.

If you use varieties with pinkish-white inflorescences. You will get a beautiful composition with different colors, pink tint. From several anthuriums, which will definitely fit into your interior. Combine different colors of anthurium inflorescences in one composition. An ideally selected pot to match the color of the foliage or inflorescence will highlight the individuality of the anthurium. Good luck to you.

Possible problems

Although caring for anthurium at home is not so difficult, the plant can still be capricious. It is important to constantly monitor the flower so that it develops well and is healthy.

Yellowing of leaves

Very often, inexperienced gardeners complain that the leaves on their anthuriums begin to turn yellow. Yellowing foliage is the most common problem. The cause may be improper care, the onset of chlorosis, sunburn and fungi. Also, yellowing of the leaves may begin due to too low temperatures or fungal diseases.

First of all, when the leaves turn yellow, you should pay attention to watering the plant. Perhaps the flower simply does not have enough moisture or the water for irrigation is too hard. This plant should be watered only with soft water, for which it should be settled or boiled. Perhaps the plant does not have enough fertilizer or the flower is standing in the sun.

If the cause of yellowing leaves is an ongoing disease, then urgent action must be taken. First you need to determine what exactly the anthurium is sick with. Chlorosis can be determined by examining the foliage. With chlorosis, only the foliage turns yellow, but all the veins remain green. In case of chlorosis, the plant is irrigated with iron chelate or algae solution.

Another reason for yellowing leaves may be hidden in fungal diseases. Typically, a plant becomes sick with fungus due to sudden temperature changes. It is enough to spray the flower with special preparations and adjust the temperature in the room.