134 photos of ranunculus (buttercup) flowers of different types, cultivation and care

In appearance, garden buttercups resemble small roses; this variety of garden flowers has more than 600 species. Some of them are annuals, some are cultivated as perennials. The flowering of buttercups depends on their type; the buds can be single or collected in inflorescences. They can be simple or terry. Garden buttercups grow both in temperate latitudes and in areas with cold climates.

Planting and caring for a flowering plant is quite simple, since it is unpretentious to the conditions, but favorable weather conditions, proper watering and lighting stimulate the splendor, abundance and duration of flowering. In the photo presented in the article you can see all the beauty and elegance of these delicate, pretty flowers.

Botanical description

Ranunculus or Asian buttercup belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. The plant comes from Asia Minor. The bush can reach up to 80 cm. The shoot is powerful, the leaves are dissected in a rich green color. Inflorescences can be of different colors, reaching up to 10 cm in diameter. The root system is of the tuberous type.

Buttercup blooms from May to August. The buds remain attractive for a long time. That’s why flowers are often used for cutting and arranging bouquets.

The sap of the plant can lead to poisoning, so you need to wear gloves when working in the garden.

Types of buttercups

There are dozens of varieties of buttercups, but we have chosen the most popular, beautiful and unpretentious among them. Choose the option you like!

Asian buttercup

Not too tall, up to 45 cm, a species with fairly large flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. It is this variety that most densely double varieties belong to. And it is this that is most often called ranunculus.

Photo: ru.wallpaper.mob.org

Multifloral Ranunculus

This species has a different structure of a shortened root system. The stems are straight, but very branched, with slight yellowish pubescence and the same bright yellow flowers.

Photo: x-travels.ru

Buttercup Masha

A very beautiful and decorative hybrid that landscape designers adore. It is miniature and compact, so it is wonderful for border compositions.

Photo: ogorodnik24.ru

African buttercup

Another decorative group of varieties with densely double beautiful flowers. There are a lot of interesting and complex colors for the garden and flower beds.

Photo: 7dach.ru

Marsh Buttercup

The variety is not particularly notable for its beauty, but it is a good option for swampy and wet areas. The flowers are white, with a yellowish center, and the stems are thin, long and bare.

Photo: zelenj.ru

French buttercup

This group is united by the structure of the buds. Delicate petals are collected in two rows and form semi-double flowers.

Photo: liveinternet.ru

peony buttercup

Now such varieties can be classified as a separate category of hybrids. This includes buttercups with the largest flowers – about 10 cm.

Photo: 2sotki.ru

Verbena (85 photos): types, proper care

Varieties

The following types of ranunculus are distinguished.

French

Bush with buds in the shape of a ball. The terry petals are tightly packed, so during the blooming period the plant looks like a peony. The inflorescences can be of different shades, but there is a dark spot in the center of the flower. This is a kind of distinctive feature of the species.

Turkish

The bush has a tall stem and a large number of leaves. The buds can reach up to 12 cm in diameter. Externally, the flowers are similar to peonies, but after full opening they resemble double poppies.

Garden

Medium-sized bush with dissected leaves. The buds look like a rose. Often grown to decorate flower beds.

Bulbozus

The bush is compact in size, reaches a height of only 30 cm. The leaves are rich green in color, densely located on the shoots. Inflorescences are single golden in color.

Creeping

Buttercup shoots can reach 30 cm in length. The leaves are dissected and densely located on the shoots. During the flowering period it is covered with small yellow buds.

Tall Aconitofolia

Bush up to 1 meter high. The leaves are large, dissected, and during the flowering period it is covered with yellow buds.

Anemoleum buttercup

The bush is small in size and is most often grown as a houseplant.

Persian

A distinctive feature of the plant is its early flowering at the end of May. The inflorescences are located on high shoots and are similar to a rose.

In addition to the listed species, there are buttercups that grow in natural conditions. There are more than 400 such species, each of which has its own unique external characteristics.

Garden buttercup, its varieties

Ranunculus garden is a plant bred using selection from the Asian buttercup:

Popular varieties

Among the large assortment of ranunculus that can be grown in a flowerbed, the most popular varieties stand out.

Pink

Ranunculus are used for growing, in flower beds and along the border. Bushes of average height up to 20 cm. Up to 6-7 buds can form on one plant. The flowering period of buttercups begins in May and ends in September. The inflorescences are medium in size, bud diameter up to 8 cm.

Orange

An unusual plant that attracts with its appearance. The height of the bush can reach up to 50 cm. The leaves are large and dissected. During the flowering period, 2-3 peduncles of bright orange color appear on the bush. Externally, the peduncles look like rosebuds.

Elegant

A special feature of buttercups is the unusual color of the buds. During the flowering period, inflorescences can be of several shades at the same time. The most popular are lemon flowers with purple splashes. This variety is often used not only to decorate flower beds, but also to create unusual bouquets.

Festival

Ranunculus is distinguished by large buds. Most often, the flowers are painted white, cream or pale pink. However, a distinctive feature of the variety is the bright green spot in the center of each flower.

Picoti

A special feature of the variety is that the flowers are pink, but the border may be dark. Externally, the inflorescences are similar to a double peony, but after full opening the green core is noticeable.

Pon-pon

The name of the variety fully corresponds to the appearance of the flower. During the flowering period, the bush is covered with dense inflorescences that look like lush balls. Colors can vary, but the most common are red and white.

Bicolor

The plant is very popular in floriculture. It reaches a height of up to 60 cm. During the flowering period it is covered with bright flowers of different colors. A special feature of the variety is the presence of pink streaks along the edges.

Success

The tall variety is distinguished by unusual delicate buds of various colors, but the most popular are the white inflorescences. A special feature of the variety is that the plant is immune to fungal diseases.

Andrea

An unusual variety that is very popular among gardeners. Terry petals are gathered into a tight bud. As it opens, the flower resembles a peony. Buttercup can be of different colors from pink to crimson.

Victoria

A small compact bush can be used for growing both in open ground and in pots. The height of the plant is up to 30 cm, a feature of the variety is a large number of buds up to 10 on one plant. Despite the fact that the inflorescence is only 4-5 cm in diameter, its bright color makes ranunculus popular among gardeners.

Blooming Valley

The buttercup variety Blooming Valley is often grown for cutting. Bushes up to 50 cm high retain their attractiveness for a long period. Medium-sized buds can be painted in different colors. However, the red color of the ranunculus is considered the most popular.

Bloomingdale F1

A distinctive feature of ranunculus is the variety of colors. The height of the bush is only 20 cm; up to 5 double flowers can form on one shoot. The Bloomingdale F1 variety tolerates sudden changes in weather conditions well and is suitable not only for an open area, but also for growing in a pot.

Color Carnival

The height of ranunculus bushes can reach up to 70 cm, so this variety is often used for cutting. The inflorescences are large in diameter and can reach up to 10 cm. The colors vary from pink to bright red.

Superbissima

This variety belongs to the tall variety. The height of an adult bush is 60-70 cm. The crop blooms with pink, pastel and red inflorescences. The petals are terry with a delicate pleasant aroma; the crop can be used for cutting.

Amandine Pink

A variety that tolerates partial shade well, so it is often grown as an additional decoration for a flower bed. A special feature of ranunculus are its delicate buds, painted pink. The shoots are fleshy, erect; up to 10 small buds with a diameter of 5-6 cm can form on one bush.

Reviews from gardeners

Vasilisa, 30 years old, housewife, Taganrog. I planted the bulbs for the first time in April. They are very unusual, they look like octopuses. They sit with their feet down. Planted in open ground when the soil warmed up. The buttercup bloomed in mid-June and bloomed for 4 weeks.

Larisa Ivanovna, 45 years old, summer resident, Vladimir region. I was very surprised that these beautiful flowers are relatives of the ordinary buttercup. The flowers are amazingly beautiful. In August, when the leaves begin to turn yellow, I dig up the tubers and store them in a paper bag until spring.

Ranunculus occupy a place of honor among garden plants; they are not only extremely beautiful, but also versatile. This undemanding flower plant will decorate your garden, courtyard, balcony or terrace, or become the basis of a small business - garden buttercups are in demand among florists and bouquet sellers.

In the interior

Buttercups are often used in the interior of a room. The peculiarity of the buttercup is that with proper care the bushes will delight you with continuous flowering. Often grown on windowsills in small pots. With proper care, buttercups can bloom throughout the year.

In landscape design

Ranunculus is often grown in flower beds or along garden paths. Can be used as an independent plant or in combination with other crops. Looks good among evergreen shrubs.

5 useful tips on how to grow strong ageratum seedlings so as not to be left without beauty on your site

Also, buttercup will be an ideal option for decorating a balcony or veranda. Potted buttercups can be placed in gazebos.

Buttercups – photo

Buttercups can turn any garden into a real fairy lawn. Just look how good they look in flower beds and group plantings!

Photo: oir.mobi

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Growing at home

In order for the plant to feel good at home, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for growth.

House conditions

In order for ranunculus to form buds, it is necessary to create conditions that will be close to natural.

Once a week, ranunculus can be sprayed with warm water from a spray bottle. However, when buds appear, such procedures are stopped. Drops of water harm the inflorescences.

When growing buttercups indoors in winter, it is necessary to use special phyto-lamps, since daylight hours are short and Ranunculus may feel a lack of light.

Care

The appearance of buttercups largely depends on proper care. Lack of attention can affect the growth of the flower and lead to problems.

Priming

For ranunculus, you need to use a nutritious soil mixture. You can purchase a ready-made substrate intended for Saintpaulias or make the mixture yourself. To prepare the soil yourself, you need to mix:

• humus 0.5 kg;
• chernozem 0.5 kg;
• coarse sand 0.5 kg;
• 1 kg of turf.

The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed and placed on a baking sheet. The soil is fried for 15 minutes in the oven at a temperature of 70 degrees.

Tara

For buttercups, use a pot with a capacity of 300 ml. There should be drainage holes at the bottom of the pot. If there are none, you need to make them yourself. Before planting the tubers, the container must be treated with boiling water.

You can germinate ranunculus tubers in a shallow container (no more than 10 cm high) filled with soil for seedlings. After the tubers sprout, the planting material is carefully moved into the pot.

Watering

Ranunculus prefers moderate watering, once every 4-5 days. However, it is important to monitor the condition of the soil. If the earthen ball has dried out, liquid is added; if the soil is wet, watering is postponed. You can check the soil moisture with your finger. If soil remains on the skin, there is no need to water the buttercup.

To water the ranunculus, warm water is used, which has been previously filtered. If there is no filter, you can use distilled tap water.

Fertilizer

In order for the buttercup to bloom profusely, you need to fertilize it in a timely manner, every 2 weeks. For buttercups, complex fertilizers are used, such as Master Agro, Avangard. During the period of active flowering, it is recommended to use fertilizers that contain potassium and phosphorus. The elements prolong flowering and stimulate the formation of new buds.

Trimming

Ranunculus is pruned only after flowering has finished. A faded bush is pruned at the root. This procedure is required in order for the tubers to accumulate the required amount of nutrients.

Transfer

Ranunculus does not tolerate transplantation well, so at home it is better to immediately plant the sprouted tuber in a suitable pot. However, if such a need arises, the plant should be replanted using the transshipment method. The flower is watered with water and removed from the pot with a lump of soil. It is transplanted into a new container, the gaps between the pot and the root ball are filled with soil.

Bloom

Ranunculus tubers are planted in March, so you can get a profusely flowering bush at the end of May. At home, the plant blooms not only in summer, but also in autumn. In order for the buds not to lose their decorative effect, faded buds must be regularly removed.

Rest period

From November to February the plant is dormant. This is required in order for the buttercup to please with abundant flowering in the spring. In order for the buttercup to retain its characteristics, you must perform the following steps:

• in the fall, when the flowers begin to form less and the leaves turn yellow, it is necessary to reduce watering to 1 time every 6 days;
• after the ranunculus begins to dry out, carefully cut the bush at the root;
• dig up the tubers and replant them in new soil;
• place in a cool, shaded place;
• in February the plant is placed on a sunny windowsill for the growth of new shoots.

It is better to replant before sending the buttercup to a cool place. This way you can inspect the tubers and remove damaged areas in a timely manner.

If rotten areas are found on the tubers, they must be carefully trimmed with a scalpel. Treat the cut area with a solution of potassium permanganate and dry it.

Storing tubers (wintering)

After flowering of buttercups is completed, the frequency of watering is reduced, and when the leaves turn yellow, it stops completely. The plant does not tolerate sub-zero temperatures (it dies at -7 °C), so it is dug up in August-September. It is important to carry out the procedure immediately after the foliage dies, otherwise the flower may produce young shoots, which is extremely undesirable.

After digging, the tubers are washed and inspected for pests and diseases. Clearing the soil is done carefully so as not to damage the thin roots. At this stage, the ranunculus is propagated by tubers - it is enough just to divide the nests that have grown over the summer into parts. So, one bush per season can produce up to 5-7 children.

To prevent the appearance of pests, the separated tubers are treated with a solution that includes any fungicide. Storage is carried out in peat or sand at a temperature of +4 +5 °C. There is also an alternative option for wintering buttercups - the flower tubers are dried for 3 weeks to the state of a cracker, and stored until spring in a dry place at room temperature.

Note! In winter, future planting material is periodically inspected for the development of fungal diseases. When detected, the tuber is treated with brilliant green or colloidal sulfur. If the lesion is large, the plant is removed to prevent further infection of healthy roots.

The garden buttercups shown in the photo will retain their attractive appearance only if they are replaced periodically. After 3-4 years, they lose their decorative properties and immunity to viruses. Therefore, it is recommended to sow new seeds in advance.

Growing in open ground

Growing ranunculus in open ground is not difficult even for novice gardeners. In order for the bushes to bloom profusely, you need to follow all agrotechnical care tips.

Selecting a location

The place for the growth of ranunculus should be in an open area and be well lit by the sun. It is not recommended to plant buttercups near bushes or fences. Lack of light can reduce the decorative effect of flowers. It is also necessary to choose an area that is protected from drafts and wind.

The soil

The soil for buttercups should be well drained. To prepare the site and soil, you should perform the following steps:

• carefully dig up the area with a shovel to a bayonet depth;
• remove old roots and stones;
• add humus at the rate of 10 kg per m2;
• For additional drainage, sand is added; 5 kg is used per 1 m2.

Everything is thoroughly mixed using a rake so that the soil becomes homogeneous.

Landing dates

Tubers should be planted in open ground at the end of April, early May. At this time of spring, the soil warms up to the desired temperature and the tubers germinate faster. If the buttercup will be pre-germinated indoors, it is necessary to plant the tubers in peat cups. Planting should be done in March. Thus, in May it will be possible to plant the grown seedlings in open ground.

If the tubers are purchased, before planting them in the ground it is necessary to treat them with potassium permanganate or Epin.

Watering

After planting, it is necessary to water the beds with buttercups every 3-4 days. After the first shoots appear, watering is reduced to 1 time every 5 days. If you water too often, the tubers may rot and the ranunculus will die.

Before watering, the soil around the bushes needs to be loosened. The procedure should be carried out carefully so as not to damage the tubers. Mulch is also used to retain moisture for a long period. For buttercup mulching, a mixture of humus and sawdust is used.

Fertilizer

Fertilizing for buttercups in open ground is carried out immediately after the leaves appear. The fertilization process should be carried out according to the following scheme:

• In the spring, after the appearance of the third leaf, nitrogen fertilizing is applied. Such substances are necessary for rapid growth;
• in early June it is necessary to use complex substances;
• During the period of active flowering, the buttercup is fed with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

It is important to keep an eye on your buttercups as they grow. If the ranunculus bush reduces the abundance of flowering, you need to add additional fertilizing using complex substances. Fertilizers such as biohumus, ammonophoska, superphosphate, and crystallon can be used for buttercups.

Trimming

Pruning buttercup bushes is carried out only after the crop has flowered. The bushes are pruned completely at the root. If this procedure is not carried out, new flowers will not appear.

Transfer

Transplanting buttercups is carried out only if the seedlings were previously grown indoors. To do this, you need to perform the following algorithm of actions:

• make a hole 20 cm deep in the prepared bed;
• if seedlings are grown in peat cups, there is no need to remove them. Plastic glasses are carefully removed so as not to damage the roots;
• The seedlings are planted in the ground and compacted.

After the ranunculus seedlings are planted, they must be watered with warm water. However, experts recommend immediately planting buttercup tubers in a permanent place of growth. Otherwise, the plant gets sick for a very long time and does not always recover after transplantation.

Bloom

Ranunculus begins to bloom in open ground at the beginning of summer. Flowering is abundant and continues until the end of August. With proper care, some varieties can produce buds even in September.

Rest period

In open ground, the dormant period for buttercups begins in October. After the tops dry out, they must be cut off so that the ranunculus tubers accumulate the required amount of nutrients.

Preparing for winter

Preparing ranunculus for winter can be done in two ways:

• digging up tubers. In order to preserve all varietal characteristics, the plant must be dug up at the end of October. The nodules are placed in sawdust and stored in a cool place until spring;
• insulation of roots in the soil. This method is most often used for the southern regions. After the tops of the buttercups are cut, it is necessary to cover the bed with humus and fallen leaves.

In the northern regions, ranunculus tubers do not tolerate wintering in open ground well, so they may die.

Spring treatment of plants after wintering in open ground

If the ranunculus overwintered in open ground, in the spring you need to perform the following steps:

• use a rake to remove leaves and other types of insulation;
• dig up the tubers and inspect for rot;
• separate daughter tubers from mother tubers;
• Soak the tubers for 15 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate and plant them in the ground.

If the tubers have begun to form green sprouts, there is no need to dig up the plant; just feed it with nitrogen fertilizers.

Fertilizer and feeding of buttercup

If you want your garden buttercups to grow healthy, bloom profusely and beautifully, then you need to feed them periodically. During the period of leaf growth, these perennial plants must be fed with special fertilizers rich in nitrogen. When buttercups begin to bud, they require phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. It is best to fertilize once every two weeks. Such simple procedures will ensure amazing growth and flowering for your buttercups.

Buttercups need mineral supplements at all stages of the growing season.

Reproduction

Buttercup propagates both by tubers and by seed. Each method has its own characteristics that must be taken into account.

Seeds

Buttercup seeds have low germination capacity, but can also be used for propagation. Planting takes place at the end of February. In order to get ranunculus at home, you must follow the following recommendations:

• prepare a container 10 cm deep. Make drainage holes at the bottom of the container;
• fill the seedling container with humus mixed in equal proportions with peat;
• carefully spread the seeds over the surface of the soil and press them slightly into the soil;
• pour warm water using a spray bottle;
• cover with film and place in a sunny area.

Once a day, open the greenhouse and moisten the soil. After the sprouts appear, the film is removed. The suitable temperature for the growth of buttercups is +15 to +17⁰С. After the formation of the third true leaf, it is necessary to pick into separate cups.

Tubers

Propagation by tubers is the easiest method to obtain an adult ranunculus bush. During the summer, the tubers form a large number of children, which are separated from the mother material in the fall and planted in open ground in the spring.

Before planting, it is necessary to carry out spring treatment of the planting material. To do this, the following algorithm of actions is performed:

• planting material is carefully inspected for damage and rot;
• line the bottom of a shallow container with a napkin;
• place planting material;
• pour warm water so that the top of the tubers is open;
• cover with a napkin on top.

Leave it like this for 3-4 hours. After such soaking, it is necessary to immediately plant the tubers in the ground.

Growing buttercups from seeds

Buttercup flowers reproduce by dividing the rhizome or by seed. If you decide to grow buttercup from seeds, you should know that it is best to purchase planting material in specialized stores or departments, since collecting the seeds of your own plants is difficult, and their viability is low. Buttercup seeds are sown at the end of February or beginning of March in loose, light soil consisting of peat soil (one part), leaf soil (one part) and sand (half part). The seeds are lightly sprinkled with soil on top, which is then moistened with a spray bottle. The container with the crops is covered with glass and kept at a temperature of 10-12 ºC, regularly ventilated and removing condensation from the glass.

Shoots usually appear after 2-3 weeks, and then the container needs to be moved to a warmer and brighter place (about 20 ºC), and a south-facing window with shading from direct sunlight is most suitable for this. If necessary, provide additional lighting for the seedlings. In the phase of 4-5 true leaves, young plants dive into peat-humus pots.

Pests

Buttercup is resistant to pests. However, in some cases insects appear, which in a short time lead to the death of the flower bed

You can identify pests in a timely manner if you regularly inspect the ranunculus bush. At the first symptoms of harmful insects, appropriate control measures must be taken. If neglected, chemicals may not be effective, and the crop will need to be uprooted.

Diseases and pests of Asian ranunculus

The buttercup family is quite resistant to disease. Most often, garden varieties suffer from diseases due to improper agricultural practices.

Excessive watering, rainy summers and fogs provoke powdery mildew.

The fungus covers young leaves. In advanced cases, the buttercup dies.

Fertilizing with potassium fertilizers increases the plant's resistance.

Effective drugs are “Fitosporin”, “Zato” and “Quadris”.

During dry summers, spider mites settle in flower beds and feed on plant sap.

The leaves at the puncture sites become covered with yellow spots. The bushes are sprayed with acaricides “Vermitek”, “Akarin”, “Aktellik”.

During a tick-borne epidemic, medications can be alternated.

Diseases

Ranunculus, when properly cared for, is rarely susceptible to disease. However, problems may arise.

To ensure that the buttercup is not exposed to disease, all care tips should be followed. A common cause of ranunculus problems is improper watering.

What does a buttercup look like and what are its features?

The plant has a predominantly short and fibrous root system. Sometimes there may be numerous root shoots collected in a bunch with a tuberous thickening. The foliage is alternate, whole or dissected.

Flowers are single or collected in complex inflorescences. The ornamental plant blooms very attractively . There are species with three or five sepals. The most common are five-petalled varieties. The fruit looks like a multi-nut containing seeds. The number and size of seeds depend on the species and varietal characteristics.

Problems during cultivation

In addition to pests and diseases, problems may arise that negatively affect the appearance of buttercups. Among the common problems that can arise when growing ranunculus are:

Appearance of yellow leaves

Yellow leaves on buttercups may appear as a result of insufficient watering. It is necessary to examine the lump and, if it is dry, moisten it. It is necessary to reduce watering and inspect ranunculus leaves for the presence of pests such as nematodes.

Leaves may also turn yellow if there are insufficient nutrients. If the plant has not been fed for a long period, it is necessary to apply complex fertilizers.

Doesn't bloom

Ranunculus may lack buds if the tubers are planted in the ground too late. In such cases, the crop does not have time to form buds. There may also be no inflorescences if the plant is grown in the shade. It is necessary to plant planting material in early spring; for this, choose a sunny area.

Drops buds

Buttercups may drop their buds as a result of too much watering. To eliminate the problem, watering must be reduced. A draft can also cause the buds to drop. If the ranunculus is frozen, the leaves will be limp and the buds will fall off before they open.

Leaves become covered with yellow spots and become sticky

If a sticky coating and small yellow spots appear on the leaves of the ranunculus, this indicates that the plant is affected by a pest such as spider mites. To eliminate the problem, it is necessary to treat the ranunculus with preparations such as Fitoverm or Neoron.

The foliage is curling

A problem arises when ranunculus tubers are affected by nematodes. You can try to save the culture. The tubers need to be dug up and kept in water at a temperature of 50 degrees. Then plant it in a new substrate.

Ranunculus or buttercup is often grown in a summer cottage. Due to the variety of varieties, the crop is used to decorate flower beds and garden paths. Bright buds can be used for cutting and forming bouquets. Also, an attractive plant can be chosen as an indoor flower and complement the interior. In order for the buttercup to please with its attractive appearance, it is necessary to follow all care recommendations.

Useful properties and symptoms of poisoning

All types of buttercups are poisonous - most often the poisoning is caused by a caustic compound - protoanemonin. This substance depresses the activity of the nervous system, causes a runny nose and profuse lacrimation, and symptoms of suffocation due to spasm of the larynx.

Ingestion of any parts of plants causes a burning sensation in the mouth, abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of coordination and diarrhea. Even when touched, skin redness, burning sensation and blisters often occur after contact with plant juice. Heat or drying can destroy toxins.

Despite the toxic substances in its composition, many peoples use this plant as a medicinal plant. It is believed that buttercups can relieve pain and improve the condition of frostbite, help get rid of warts, and alleviate the symptoms of gout. Taking various parts of plants helps relieve attacks of rheumatism, get rid of scabies and skin symptoms of tuberculosis.

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6.1.Diseases and pests

Buttercups rarely get sick - most often due to poor care and non-compliance with growing conditions. Thickened plantings, as well as cool and humid weather, contribute to the appearance of powdery mildew and gray rot. Plants may drop buds; it is worth reducing the frequency of watering.

Among the pests, the flower can be attacked by nematodes or cabbage butterflies. Sometimes flowers are attacked by spider mites.

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