How to properly plant roses in open ground: step-by-step instructions, recommendations from experienced gardeners

Every owner of a garden or summer cottage wants his territory to look beautiful. To do this, you can arrange lush and bright flower beds. However, to make them truly pleasing to the eye, you need to choose the appropriate plants. In this case, the best option would be a bush rose - planting and caring for this flower in open ground is not too difficult. And if everything is done correctly, then very soon the flower garden will delight you with bright and lush roses. It is important to comply with all plant care requirements.

Preparing for landing and choosing a site

For planting roses, choose sunny, warm, protected from drafts and wind, ventilated, flat or slightly elevated areas with high-quality fertile loose soil, without the risk of dampness and wetting.

The fertile soil layer and its working depth for roses should be at least 40 cm. Optimal pH values ​​are from 6.0 to 7.0.

Before planting, all necessary tools and equipment should be put in order, make sure they are clean and in working order.

But the main thing is working with soil, which includes two procedures:

1. Site preparation. For planting roses in the fall, the site can be prepared several weeks before planting, or, if possible, a month or two. The work should include deep digging with careful removal of weed rhizomes, debris, stones, application of organic and mineral fertilizers or sand, peat to correct the quality and reaction of the soil. On depleted or neglected soil, it is permissible to completely replace the fertile layer with a substrate of high-quality loam mixed with compost or humus in equal proportions.
2. Preparation of planting holes. It is carried out 1-3 days before disembarkation. For any roses, prepare fairly large planting holes with a depth and diameter of about 40 cm, if drainage is needed. When the soil is dense, there is a risk of waterlogging - drainage is prepared from crushed stone, expanded clay or brick chips - up to 70 cm in depth. If the soil is depleted, additionally add organic fertilizers and a standard portion of complete mineral fertilizers to the bottom of the hole. Heavy watering 2-3 days before planting will create ideal conditions for roses.

In order for the autumn planting of roses to be successful, you need to take care of the preliminary preparation of the seedlings. Roses in containers are easy to prepare - they are watered a day or at least 12 hours before planting.

But with bare-rooted seedlings you need to work more carefully:

1. Plants are examined by shortening the roots to a length of 30-40 cm and removing leaves, damaged and dry roots to healthy tissue.
2. The shoots are shortened to 2-3 buds (approximate height - 30 cm). If the bush is highly branched, leave 2-3 high-quality, strong, well-developed shoots, cutting out excess branches at the base.
3. If buds are visible below the grafting site, it is advisable to remove them to prevent regrowth.
4. Roses are soaked for a day or at least several hours before planting - in water, a weak solution of fungicides or rooting stimulants. And before planting, they are kept in a clay mash.

Advice from experienced flower growers

Seedlings with an open root system are packaged in polyethylene

Despite the fact that it is not recommended to plant rose bushes with an open root system in the summer, experienced gardeners can successfully cope with this. Here's what they advise beginners to do in this case:

• when planting, you must try not to damage the rhizome;
• first, the roots are straightened and inspected, damaged ones are removed and extremely long ones are trimmed (the optimal length is 30–35 cm);
• if chips are found on the roots, treat them with some fungicidal preparation;
• The seedling should be watered only with settled and warm water;
• in persistently hot weather, the leaves must be sprayed.

Video: how to plant roses with an open root system in summer

Diseases

Unfavorable conditions or improper care can cause rose diseases. More often, plants are affected by powdery mildew, rust, black spot, and chlorosis. Fungal infections are destroyed with fungicides, and chlorosis is an indicator of a deficiency of a chemical element in the soil, usually iron. In this case, a soil analysis and replenishment of the missing substance is necessary.

These are the features of agricultural technology for growing the most exquisite and beautiful garden crop - the bush rose. A little effort and following simple recommendations will allow you to change the garden interior, decorating the area with an excellent crop - the queen of the plant world.

Planting roses

The most important condition for abundant flowering of a bush is a place for planting. Roses are sensitive to light and heat, which means they should be planted in places that are well lit and reliably protected from cold winds. The best place is the south and south-east side of the site, because the rose enjoys the morning and afternoon sun. Shady places are suitable only for climbing varieties.

It is recommended to plant roses in the spring. Beautiful roses are heat-loving plants, and as soon as the soil has warmed up well and the buds have not yet opened, you can start planting roses. Planting in the fall is a risky business because not every rose bush is able to fully take root before frost and often dies.

Before planting, carefully examine the roots: cut off all damaged parts to living tissue, leave the remaining roots no more than 20 cm. Shorten the shoots on the bush, leave strong shoots with 6 buds, medium ones with three, cut out weak and dried ones completely.

Planting a rose

The planting hole for roses should be wide and deep so that the roots of the bush have room after planting.

It is very important to sprinkle a layer of earth on the budding (grafting) site by 5-7cm, compact the soil around the bush and water it generously (a bucket of water per bush). Protecting seedlings from the bright spring sun, cover with non-woven material

Unclog the shoots and remove the cover when the ground is completely warm and the size of the shoots reaches approximately 5 cm.

The soil is prepared in advance: fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers. Among organic ones, the best fertilizer for roses is manure, and the first fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizer should be thorough, but not more than 15-20 g per bush. Excessive dosage will have a negative effect on roses.

For spring planting of roses, prepare the soil in the fall, everything is quite simple: dig spacious holes to a depth of 1.2 m with a diameter of half a meter, fill with drainage (branches, coarse crushed stone, expanded clay), lay a mixture of garden soil and humus on top, adding mineral fertilizers. When planting in the fall, prepare holes for bushes a month to a month and a half in advance. The best seedlings are plants of the first two years. To stimulate the growth of roses, you need to trim the tops of the shoots when planting.

In the next video you can see how to prepare for planting and plant a rose purchased in a box in the spring. The author will show you how to properly straighten the roots of a plant, prepare a planting hole and plant the “queen of flowers”.

Taking into account the size of the rose bush variety and the speed of growth, it is recommended to maintain a planting interval of half a meter to one meter. In general, you determine the distance between the bushes individually, pursuing your goal.

Large bush roses also look great in single plantings (for example, a lawn or, in general, any free corner of the garden). In the rose garden, it is necessary to maintain a distance of one to one and a half (or 1.2 m) from the neighboring bush.

Shrub rose

For miniature rose bushes that are planted to create borders (along paths or the circumference of a flower bed), a distance of sixty to seventy centimeters is sufficient.

Types of climbing roses love “solitude”, but you need to take into account that they do not stay in this state for long - the bushes grow quickly. If you want to create a “wall” of climbing roses, you need to plant seedlings at a distance of one to two meters. In spring, roses are also transplanted; try not to damage the roots and small shoots of the roots.

Fence covered with roses

Feature 5: Reproduction and transplantation

Roses are most often propagated by cuttings.

1. Cuttings about 10 - 15 centimeters long and about 3 mm wide, which are semi-woody, are cut from the shoot and placed in a glass of water.
2. The cuttings should have 3–5 leaves and the same number of buds.
3. Place the glass with the cutting in water in a warm place about 20 degrees.
4. After about three weeks, the cutting can be planted in the bud that is used when planting the rose.
5. To make the young plant stronger, it is better to remove the first buds that form.

Replanting a rose is necessary a few weeks after purchasing it or when the pot becomes too small for it.

In both cases, the transshipment method is used:

• pour the required amount of drainage into a pot selected to size;
• soil with rose fertilizer is poured onto the drainage;
• before planting a rose, it must be watered generously in an old container and allowed to soak in the water;
• after that, turn the container over, holding the rose with one hand at its base;
• the roots of the rose along with a lump of earth should come out after shaking the old pot;
• The roots of the rose are placed in a new pot and covered on all sides with new soil, compacting it well.

If you transplanted a rose in the spring, it will bloom only after a year. It is very rare to replant a flower in the fall.

Helpful Tips:

1. After transshipment of the plant, there is no need to water the rose, you can only spray it.
2. Rose roots are very sensitive, so frequent replanting is contraindicated.
3. You can start feeding the plant after transshipment no earlier than a month later.
4. The most favorable time for rose cuttings is from May to September.
5. In order for a young cutting to successfully take root in the soil, you can add a phytohormone to it - heteroauxin.

Caring for the Queen of the Garden

In the first year after planting, the bush is just beginning to form, so it is necessary to stimulate branching by pinching the tips of the shoots and removing emerging buds, since the flowering of the rose will significantly weaken the plant.

Shrub roses develop quickly and do not cause the hassle that usually accompanies the cultivation of standard or climbing varieties.

Watering

Roses require moderate watering, with the exception of the first year, when the plant takes root and adapts. Practice infrequent but abundant watering. With the beginning of spring, when the plant begins to grow, watering is intense, in the summer - moderate, oriented to weather conditions. During dry periods, the bush is moistened more often; in rainy times, nature will take care of it itself.

Advice! The best way to avoid eroding the soil above the graft is drip irrigation with warm water, and the best time for watering is in the morning, before the heat sets in, or in the evening, but not late.

Feeding

This delicate flower requires regular feeding, which should begin in the second year after planting. During the season, the rose should receive four feedings:

• the first in two stages - in the spring after pruning the bush, ammonium sulfate is applied 20g/1 m2, after 2 weeks the fertilizing is repeated;
• the second – during the budding period 30-40 g. universal "Kemira" per 1 m2;
• third - after flowering 30 gr. complex fertilizers with microelements per 1 m2;
• fourth - in September, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied (30 g / 1 m2).

Advice! You can successfully replace mineral fertilizers with high-quality organic matter - manure, bird droppings, ash.

Trimming

Caring for roses also includes annual pruning - a very labor-intensive procedure. They are carried out:

• in spring, forming a bush and stimulating branching, growth of stems and peduncles;
• in summer, cutting out dried buds and unnecessary fruits;
• in the fall, preparing the bush for wintering and removing weak shoots that draw food onto themselves.

Spring pruning is carried out before the buds swell and sap begins to flow. It is the main and most radical: all weak, broken or directed shoots towards the center of the bush are removed, giving the plant the desired shape.

Advice! When pruning roses, it is recommended to leave well-placed and younger stems, focusing on the color of the bark - the lighter it is, the younger the shoot.

In addition, to stimulate flowering, it is necessary to remove root shoots. Summer pruning is of a sanitary nature: the shoots are trimmed, leaving 2-3 growth buds on them, necessary for tillering. In autumn, all wilted or immature shoots are cut off from the bush. The sections are treated with garden varnish or pharmaceutical brilliant green.

Transfer

Rose bushes grow greatly, losing their decorative value, so replanting is inevitable. This can be done in spring or autumn. Experienced flower growers believe that spring transplants are more successful. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

before transplanting, all shoots are cut off by 20 cm, weak and diseased branches are removed, and leaves are torn off; They dig up the bush along with the earthen clod and carefully transport it to the new planting site.

The crop is replanted according to the same rules that are followed when planting.

Useful information for beginner rose growers

Recommendations from experienced gardeners won't help if you don't understand the basics. First, remember the 5 basic rules for growing roses.

1. Winter-hardy varieties of roses grow well in temperate climates, but most hybrid varieties may not tolerate severe frosts in winter and heat in summer. For them, the optimal average temperature in July is 10 °C.
2. Roses are demanding when it comes to soil moisture. In spring and summer they need abundant watering.
3. Roses grow best in open, sunny places. In the shade of a house or tree they will be depressed and may not even bloom. The place for roses should be protected from strong winds so that the snow does not blow away in winter.
4. The groundwater level should not be higher than 1 m from the ground surface. Roses planted in wetlands may die in winter, and those that remain will grow poorly and be affected by disease.
5. Roses love neutral soil, that is, acidity within the pH range of 5.8-6.3. If the soil is acidic or slightly acidic, you need to lime it.

It often happens that a rose bush planted near a house grows there without any care or replanting for many years. When growing roses in one place for more than 10 years, so-called “soil fatigue” may occur - they develop poorly and are not helped by any fertilizers. The bushes do not look very attractive, although many of them would look different if properly cared for.

Choosing a season for planting

What time to plant roses? Spring and autumn are best for this.

The spring period is most favorable for planting material obtained by cuttings. The roots of such seedlings are not able to survive the winter cold, as they are still very weak. The end of April - May is the best period for plants grown from cuttings. At this time, the earth has already warmed up, the risk of sudden frosts is minimal.

Spring planting is also relevant for residents of the central part of Russia and northern regions, where winter comes earlier than in the south. In order not to risk the health of the seedlings, which may not have time to take root before the onset of frost, it is better to plant them in open ground in the spring, when the soil warms up to 8-10 degrees.

In other cases, the optimal time for planting is autumn. Gardeners often doubt whether it is possible to plant roses in September. It would seem that the earlier the plants are planted, the more time they have to take root and meet the winter in their prime. But that's not true. The plant quickly settles into the soil and, under the warm rays of the sun, begins to form the first shoots, which cannot cope with frost and weaken the plant. Early planting in the ground can lead to the death of a young seedling.

So that the rose has time to take root, but does not begin to grow, it should be planted from the second half of September to mid-October. Before the first frost, the root system will become stronger, the plant will go into winter dormancy strong and healthy, and in the spring it will begin to develop rapidly.

When deciding when it is better to plant roses (spring or autumn), you should take into account that the timing of autumn and spring planting may shift in one direction or another depending on the region and weather conditions. If cold weather has already set in and the seedlings are not planted, then it is better to bury them or leave them in a cool cellar until spring.

Hello, dear readers!

Let's continue the conversation about the rose - about this magical creation of nature.

From previous articles, we learned what to consider when choosing a rose variety for your garden and how to choose high-quality seedlings.

Now another concern has come to the fore - proper planting of roses .

The time has come for our beauty to grow up and start living in the garden, delighting her owner with the delicate fragrance.

But this will be provided that the owner knows how to plant roses correctly and skillfully approaches this important mission.

After all, planting roses is one of the most important events on which the fate of the rose bush depends.

Control of pests and diseases of bush roses

The fight against pests and diseases of bush roses should begin with preventive measures that are carried out throughout the year.

These include weeding and pruning bush roses, their timely and sufficient watering, applying the necessary fertilizing, as well as proper preparation for winter.

Of the diseases, the greatest danger to bush roses is fungal diseases. To avoid them, you should choose a planting site without high humidity, with high groundwater, without drafts, and not darkened.

If a fungal disease is still able to affect the bush rose, then the rotten shoots and roots should be removed and the rose should be transplanted to a more suitable place. Also, during winter storage of seedlings in unventilated and damp areas, there is a high probability of developing fungal diseases.

If the rules for sanitary pruning of a bush rose are not followed, there is a high probability of its death. Therefore, before spraying with chemicals against diseases, you should promptly remove branches, buds and leaves already infected with the disease. This will help avoid further infection of healthy parts of the plant and neighboring bushes.

Rust damage to bush rose leaves

Diseases of bush roses also include black spot, powdery and downy mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, rust, and cercospora. In the fight against these and other diseases, various drugs will be effective, including fungicides that are optimally suited to the local climate and recommended by flower growers.

In the fight against pests, it is important to control their appearance on the bush rose and timely countermeasures.

The most common pest is aphids. If there are small colonies, the aphids are washed off with soapy water. If aphids are widespread, it is recommended to use insecticides and special preparations.

Pests of bush roses include chewing pests such as beetles and caterpillars, as well as sawfly larvae. Spider mites and cicadas can also cause great damage to a bush rose.

Optimal conditions for keeping

Care can greatly affect how the flowers grow after successful transplantation. And here there are some peculiarities. First of all, you need to monitor the temperature, which should not be excessively high even in winter.

Although the rose is able to withstand slight frosts, however, the heat can noticeably affect its condition, and not for the better. This flower feels good at temperatures up to 25 degrees.

It is recommended to keep the pot with the plant on a bright window

To create an optimal temperature regime for the plant, it is important to constantly ventilate it and protect it from direct sunlight.

Therefore, it is recommended to place the pot on the west or east side. It is not recommended to keep the plant on a south-facing window, since in this case even regular watering and ventilation will not protect it from overheating.

In such conditions, the leaves will soon begin to dry out and subsequently the buds will begin to fall off, so the gardener runs the risk of not waiting for the flowering to begin. It makes sense to keep the plant on a south-facing window only in the cool season - late autumn or winter.

The rose needs watering, which should be regular and abundant. Without this, its normal development is impossible. Neglecting this rule can lead to the soil drying out, which can lead to the death of the flower.

It is especially important to water the plant with the required amount of water during flowering. However, you still need to observe certain measures

• there should be enough water in the pan so that it does not stagnate, so after watering you need to wait about half an hour, and then the remaining water must be drained;
• If there are days when the sun begins to get very hot, then at such moments the indoor rose is watered every day.

It is wrong to think that leaves need to be sprayed every day. This activity can be done just once a week, which will help keep the leaves clean.

If the air humidity is too high, you risk encountering pests that can infect the flower.

One of the dangerous ones is fungal diseases, so there is no need to take excessive care of the plant, since such care will lead to certain problems.

Top dressing

For the normal development of a flower, you need to create the most favorable conditions for it. This also applies to the application of fertilizers. Considering that the plant constantly forms new flowers, it needs feeding.

Therefore, in order for flowering to continue abundantly, it is necessary to add fertilizer to the pot.

This needs to be done throughout the growing season, feeding the flower with organic and mineral substances, combining them. It is recommended to feed your indoor rose with liquid fertilizers, which can be purchased at flower shops.

How to plant roses

Planting rose bushes is recommended in mid-September and early October. Over the winter the plant will take root.

1. Dig up the area in advance.
2. Mix the loosened soil with fertilizers.
3. Add per 1 sq. m of soil, a bucket of manure, peat, 400 g of wood ash, bone meal and 30 g of superphosphate.
4. This kind of soil care will help the rose grow quickly.

A few weeks after preparing the soil, dig wide holes. The distance between rose bushes depends on their variety and varies from 1 m to 2 m. The depth is determined by the size of the rose's root system. The recess should be 10 cm higher than it. Pour a bucket of water into it and dissolve the Heteroauxin tablet in it.

1. Before planting flowers, shorten their roots with a sharp knife, cut branches to a height of 15 cm and place the plant in water for several hours.
2. Then take out the seedling, place it in the prepared hole and, holding it carefully, begin to gradually cover it with earth.
3. Be sure to ensure that the grafting site is 3-4 cm below the ground level.
4. Hill up the plant and make a circular roller of soil at a distance of 25 cm from the bush. When watering, it will prevent water from spreading.

If desired, the flower can be planted in early May, when the soil is warm enough. Prepare seedlings and holes as described above and plant the plant. As soon as buds appear on it, remove the soil with which the bush was buried and pour a thick layer of peat on this place. This type of care will make the soil fluffy and prevent it from drying out.

Pruning roses

According to many gardeners, pruning is the most difficult and time-consuming process that a rose requires. It is necessary for the growth and flowering of the bush, so it must be included in the care.

1. The first “haircut” of roses is done in the spring. Weak, dried branches and those that interfere with the formation of the bush are trimmed.
2. Young shoots often begin to hatch at the base of the plant. They must be ruthlessly removed so that they do not take away the flower’s strength.
3. After the buds fade, roses need to be trimmed well. Trim long branches, leaving 2-3 buds on them. Do not be afraid to prune the bush too much; it will quickly produce new shoots.

For bush roses, especially mini climbing varieties, air circulation in the green mass is important. It prevents diseases and improves the development of buds, so remove weak branches that are incapable of flowering.

Feature 4: Flower Shaping

The formation of a rose occurs by pruning. Indoor roses are pruned in spring and autumn:

• In spring, you can remove the top of the rose so that it produces new young shoots.
• The cut top can be placed in water, within 2 - 3 weeks it will give roots and can be planted.
• To form a bush, you can do pruning in the fall, leaving 4 to 5 buds on the branches.
• It is also necessary to remove old yellowed leaves from the rose.
• If you don't prune your rose, it will bloom less profusely.

With good care, rose flowers form every 8 to 10 weeks. In winter, the rose should be left alone and placed in a cold place for the winter.

Helpful Tips:

1. To make the rose comfortable, it is necessary to trim off the faded flowers, then it will have the strength to form new buds.
2. Timely pruning of faded rose buds will prolong its flowering throughout the year.
3. Withered flowers are pruned, shortening the shoots to ten centimeters.

What kind of potted roses are on sale?

There are many potted roses. The label rarely lists a specific variety. More often it is a mix of Cordana roses (abundant flowering and stability), Turbo (beautiful large flowers) and Palace (strong and winter-hardy roses). Potted rose bushes transplanted into a plot often become taller, as they may include floribunda roses, hybrid tea roses and others treated with retardants (substances that inhibit the elongation of shoots, thickening them).

When we buy a rose bush in a pot for ourselves or as a gift, we look at the general condition of the plant, the shape and color of the flowers. As a rule, these plants are several months old from the moment of rooting. Usually, several bushes are crowded into each pot at once. This explains the splendor of “living bouquets”. Occasionally it happens that mini roses of different varieties end up in the same pot.

Miniature roses, or mini roses, bloom profusely and for a long time, and have graceful foliage. The colors and shapes of flowers are varied, so it is difficult for the buyer to make a choice. How not to buy a bush with greenish flowers? Or prefer yellow, purple, pink or scarlet?

And how beautiful white roses are! I recently bought a “living bouquet” with delicate cream-colored flowers as a gift.

The height of the bushes of inexpensive potted roses, which are almost always on sale, is from 15 to 35 cm. The most expensive roses in pots are larger, about 40 - 45 cm high. They are also sold in supermarkets among indoor plants.

Varieties

Shrub roses do not have a strict classification. All of them belong to the scrub group and are distinguished by their bright colors of various shapes, unpretentiousness, aroma, long-term abundant flowering, and resistance to frost.

Popular varieties of bush roses include English roses, which were created by breeder David Austin.

Very popular among English roses are varieties such as Abraham Darby, Graham Thomas and the Burghausen variety, which is widely used for single plantings, reaching a height of two meters.

Canadian roses are famous for their frost resistance.

With good shelter, they can withstand temperatures down to -40 degrees Celsius.

The Canadian rose family includes roses from the Explorer Roses and Parkland Roses series. The Morden Centennial variety is considered one of the most beautiful types of Canadian roses. Its crimson double flowers with a diameter of 7-10 cm have up to fifty petals in their buds.

Shrub roses Morden Centennial

Ground cover roses have long shoots. They are able to create a beautiful flowering carpet. They are widely used to decorate arbors and arches.

Due to their abundant continuous flowering, they are popular for landscape decoration.

Pros and cons of growing indoor flowers

Growing this plant in an apartment has a large number of positive aspects:

• Year-round flowering. With proper care, you can enjoy pink buds in both winter and summer. It must be remembered that some varieties require a short rest between blooms.
• Compact size. The convenient dimensions of the plant itself and its root system allow you to keep the rose in a small pot on the windowsill.
• Since the bush rose is one of the garden varieties, if desired, it can be transplanted to an area where it will continue to delight the eyes of others.

But there are also disadvantages that you need to know about before purchasing an indoor rose:

• Difficult to care for. The plant is quite whimsical and sensitive to excess or lack of sunlight, moisture, and temperature changes. Requires careful care and attention.
• Need for "sleep". Some varieties of bush roses require breaks between flowering, during which the plant must be kept in special conditions.
• Weak aroma or no aroma. Unlike their fragrant garden brothers, the scent of most varieties of indoor roses is weak and almost imperceptible.

Facts about bush roses

Before you start growing these wonderful flowers at home or in the country, especially if you don’t have much experience with roses, you should familiarize yourself with the nature of the plant:

This species is highly frost-resistant, but this does not exclude the need to prepare for wintering by wrapping it up. Hybrid tea and floribunda varieties do not require a lot of material and effort. There is an opinion that a bushy rose requires frequent care, but this is not entirely true. Everything comes down to the banal need for annual crown formation and periodic cleaning of dead branches. Complementary feeding will not be superfluous. In autumn, pruning of re-blooming shrubs is mandatory.

It is worth noting that not all types belong to them. The stems of the plant are full of thorns, the wounds from which heal for a long time and are very unpleasant. Climbing bush roses can be grown as a hedge, but this venture will be more successful if the base is a large chain-link or wooden frame. Home mini-bushes require a maximum of 60 cm of distance between each other. They are often planted in the ground with a pot and taken away for the winter. Large species look great in single or complex plantings, but when planning a rose garden, you need to maintain a radius of up to 1.5 m from each “tenant”.

Having decided on the purpose of the flower and the variety, all that remains is to choose the right source so that even a beginner can grow a healthy plant.

How park roses bloom, how many times per season

The park rose blooms early, and this process lasts up to a month, and in some varieties longer. The colors of the buds are very multifaceted: you can see both soft white flowers and specimens of deep purple color. The bud is a little rough and terry to the touch, and the number of petals exceeds 100 pieces. No other rose variety can boast of this.

Park roses are conventionally divided into two large groups:

• bloom once;
• blooming repeatedly.

How to care during and after flowering

During the flowering period, faded buds should be removed. At the end of the process, you need to trim the stems. In September, it is recommended to remove all the foliage from the shoots for the winter, bend them to the ground and secure them, then cover the bushes with spunbond and spruce branches. You need to open the shelter only when the first days of spring arrive.

Reproduction

There are many ways to propagate the crop - vegetative and seeds.

Growing from seeds

Breeders often resort to propagation by seeds to develop new species. Gardeners usually do not use this method, since roses grown from seeds do not inherit varietal characteristics. However, growing a rose from seeds is not difficult. The seeds are collected in August, cleaned and placed in a container with damp sand and stratified for 4 months at a temperature of 2-4ºC.

With the arrival of spring, seeds, pre-treated with any biostimulant, are sown, buried 1-3 cm. The crops are mulched with humus, and when the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, they are planted with an interval of 8-10 cm between plants and 20 cm between rows . In summer, seedlings are fed 2-3 times with complex mineral fertilizers, cared for by weeding and moderate watering. Next year, by the end of summer, the grown seedlings can be used as rootstock.

Vegetative methods

Propagation of roses by cuttings in park and indoor species is common. Cuttings are taken from flowering shoots, each of which must have at least 3 internodes. The lower cut of 1-1.5 cm is immersed in a container of water and placed in a sunny place. After 10-12 days, callus forms on the bottom of the cutting, which then turns into a light influx, indicating the readiness of the cutting for planting in a substrate consisting of a mixture of humus, peat, sand and turf soil (0.5; 1:1:1). After 7-10 days, buds sprout on the cuttings.

Shrub roses with their own roots are often propagated by dividing the bush, separating with a sharp knife parts of the roots with 1-3 shoots having 2-4 growth buds. The sections are powdered with crushed coal and planted.

Important! Only ungrafted roses can be propagated by dividing the bush. Polyantha roses and floribunda show the best adaptation after planting the cuttings

But with the help of layering you can get excellent new bushes from any type of rose. They use shoots that sprout at the very root collar, making circular cuts on them, pinning them to the ground and sprinkling them. The top of the stem is left on the surface. She is tied to a peg, giving direction. By autumn the cuttings will take root, but it will be possible to cut them off from the main bush only next spring.

What to do when the rose doesn't bloom

The most common question from beginning gardeners is why the tea rose does not bloom. There are several answers to this:

1. Not enough light. If the windows face the non-sunny side, you will have to provide the plant with additional lighting. For this, it is recommended to use special phytolamps.
2. Unsuitable indoor climate. Roses stop blooming in rooms with low air humidity. Installing a humidifier will help solve the problem. If it is not possible to purchase a device, open containers with water are placed next to the plant. Regularly spraying the bush with warm water will also help.
3. Lack of nutrition. If the leaves have lost their rich shade, yellowish spots have appeared between the veins, the rose is probably gnawing. In such a situation, it simply does not have enough nutrients for flowering. You need to feed it with complex fertilizer.
4. Excess nutrition. In an attempt to achieve lush flowering, inexperienced gardeners apply too much fertilizer to the soil. As a result, the soil becomes salty. The root system cannot fully extract useful substances from it. Transplanting into fresh soil and establishing a normal fertilizing regime will help solve this problem.

The frequency of flowering of tea roses also depends on the specific variety. Some of them are able to delight with luxurious flowers almost all year round. But generally, a store-bought plant will bloom twice a year.

How to properly plant a rose bush in open ground?

Planting rose bushes is carried out as soon as all preparatory procedures have been completed.

In order to plant a plant correctly, you must follow the step-by-step steps:

1. Dip the rhizomes of the planting material into a solution with clay. To do this, you need to dissolve 6 phosphorobacterin tablets in 1 liter of water and pour into a 10-liter clay mixture.
2. Smooth out the roots of the flower, holding it over the hole. The root system should be straightened.
3. Insert the seedling into the planting hole and cover it with soil. Deepen the roots to a mark of 5–6 cm from the grafting site (thickening of the root collar).
4. Make a light compaction around the planting material.
5. Water the bushes without touching the shoots. You can use the mixture to treat the roots. The main thing if you accidentally expose the grafting site is to remember to sprinkle earth on the exposed part.
6. After planting, be sure to prune. Leave at least 2 buds on the stems (up to 7 depending on the type and variety of roses). Treat the cut areas with garden varnish.
7. Mulch the soil. Use dry soil or compost as mulch.

Once the plant is planted, you need to shade the rose bushes for a couple of weeks.

Planting seedlings based on the type of flower will give the best results. Experienced gardeners use recommendations to properly plant rose bushes.

Planting climbing roses

The following features must be taken into account:

1. This species requires a little more space for development. Therefore, the distance between holes reaches 1.5 meters.
2. Deepen the grafting site by 10 cm.
3. Do not prune seedlings of climbing varieties. The exception would be updating slices.
4. It is more advisable to plant a climbing flower near a support, or to make a structure in the form of a lattice yourself. In this case, it will be easier to care for the plant, and it will feel more comfortable and develop faster.

The distance between the bush and the trellis is 30 cm. The plant needs to be helped to “climb” onto the support as soon as the branches reach the required length.

Planting ground cover roses

The ground cover species is characterized by frost resistance and extensive growth of branches.

Therefore, you need to follow some tips when planting bushes:

• the size of the bush may be quite large. Therefore, leave an average of 1 meter between the bushes;
• Groundcover pruning is rarely done. But you will have to update the cuts and remove damaged stems in any case;
• The diameter of the hole must be at least 50 cm.

Planting hybrid tea roses

The hybrid tea species is rooted in the spring.

The following rules are required to ensure good adaptation and facilitate the following care:

• “hide” the grafting site at a depth of up to 5 cm;
• the optimal distance between roses is 40 cm, between rows is from 50 to 80 cm;
• keep 2–3 strong, developed buds on one stem.

Planting park roses

The park view requires compliance with some recommendations:

• leave the distance between the bushes 2 times less than the size of the intended adult rose. If the description states a height of 1 meter, then make the gap at least 50 cm;
• When pruning the stems, leave 6–7 healthy buds.

Preparation of young seedlings

◊ Escapes. We need to cut off all damaged and dried shoots under the first bud.

Healthy shoots must also be pruned, but (for stronger seedlings, 5 buds are left, for seedlings of average strength and quality, 3 buds; if the seedling is weakened, the shoots must be shortened to almost the entire length, leaving 3 mm at the base).

When planting roses in spring, we save:

• Floribunda: 3-4 buds.
• Hybrid tea species: 2-3 buds.
• Low-growing polyanthus: 2-3 buds.
• Rambler climbing groups: shoots are cut to 35 cm.
• Tall: shoots can be shortened by 10-15 cm for early flowering.
• Miniature and park varieties are not pruned; the shoots only need to be slightly refreshed (trimmed the tops).

◊ Roots. We inspect the roots: we cut off the dented ones, we dive the good ones 1-2 cm from the tip. Then we dip the roots into a solution of water and “Kornevin”, keeping them there for several hours.

Before planting roses, the roots of the plant are cut to 20-25 cm, damaged ones are removed until healthy tissue begins to appear.

The day before planting, place the roses in a container with water for 11-12 hours. Then we moisten the roots with a mixture of clay and mullein (proportion 3x1), adding a heteroauxin tablet to a bucket of solution (pre-dissolve the tablet in water).

Packaging Features

Rose seedlings can be found in completely different packages. Features of the form in which the young rose was sold must be taken into account when preparing the plant for planting:

♦ Polyethylene cylinders. Baltic producers like to pack rose seedlings in plastic tube cylinders without a bottom.

The plants are in this packaging from the very moment of grafting, so they can be easily planted without destroying the earth ball. But before you plant, carefully inspect the roots.

• If the roots are light and directed outward, the plant can be planted immediately. And if there are few light roots, they are tangled - in this case, carefully straighten the roots and cut off the dry ones. It is imperative to ensure that the roots are directed outward and downward. If seedlings in cylinders need to be preserved, store them in a pot, first freeing them from packaging.

♦ Seedlings grown on light peat in greenhouses. Based on the experience of gardeners, such seedlings need to be planted by disturbing the earthen ball (by the way, contrary to many literary instructions).

As a rule, the pots of such seedlings are small, and the roots tightly entangle the ground, forming a kind of “felt”. The roots cannot get out of such a coma on their own; roses do not take root in a new place for a long time and often die.

• Be sure to remove the seedling from the pot before planting and soak it in water so that all the air comes out of the earthen ball. Then use a sharp knife to remove the outer layer of roots. Wash the roots of the seedling from the soil, but do not touch them at the base. Then straighten the roots and plant the rose.

♦ Mesh packaging. The manufacturer says that seedlings in a mesh container can be planted directly in it. But according to the experience of gardeners, planting roses in a net very often gives poor results. The seedlings take root poorly.

Therefore, try to partially disrupt the integrity of the mesh before planting and straighten the surface roots (by cutting off rotten or dry ones).