Rosehip: cultivation, description, purpose, care, reproduction, photo, video

Rose hip translated from the Latin Rosa. Belongs to the genus Rosaceae, family Rosaceae. There are up to 400 species. People call rose hips: wild rose, forest pinch, thorn. The rosehip took its name from the presence of sharp spines, hence the thorn.

Rose hips growing in our country are mainly shrubs. But some specimens of these species, reaching an age of several hundred years, grow into entire trees. Several types of rose hips grow here - these are wrinkled rose hips, needle hips, cinnamon rose hips, dog rose hips and several more species.

Botanical description

Rosehips are mostly upright shrubs, less often vines, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants, the shoots of which are covered with numerous thorns. The leaves are predominantly imparipinnate, with paired stipules, deciduous, less often evergreen. Rosehip flowers come in a wide variety of colors: from pure white to bright red and even black. They are large or small, often not double, less often with more or less pronounced doubleness, in inflorescences (corymbose or corymbose-paniculate), solitary, sometimes in twos or several.

Cinnamon rose hips belong to the Rosaceae family. Shrub up to 1.5-2 m in height with thin twig-like branches, covered with reddish-brown bark, thorns somewhat curved, flattened at the base, hard, sessile, 2 at the base of leaves; they are not found on flowering shoots; on annual shoots there are also numerous thorns and bristles. The leaves are imparipinnate, 4-9 cm long, with 5-7 leaflets, green above, grayish-pubescent below with well-defined veins. The leaves are thin, oblong-elliptical or oblong-ovate, toothed, the petioles are short-pubescent, smooth or with scattered spinules and often short-stemmed glands hidden in the pubescence; the stipules are stem-embracing, 3/4 fused with the petiole, the upper leaves are wider than the lower ones . The flowers are pink, 3-5 cm in diameter, with lanceolate bracts, fragrant, solitary or 2-3, smooth pedicels, 5-17 mm long, petals with a notch at the apex,

sepals, 5 in number, entire, converging upward when fruiting. The fruit is 11-15 mm in diameter, spherical or oval, juicy, smooth, orange-red, formed from an overgrown pitcher-shaped receptacle, at the bottom of which numerous fruit-nuts develop. It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in August and remain on the branches until winter.

Rose hips begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years. Active fruiting from 2 to 6 years. Fruits are formed mainly from the growth of the previous year. Rose hips are pollinated by insects. It is advisable to have at least 2-3 plants of different species or varieties on the site.

Chemical composition

Cinnamon rose hips are the champion among fruit and berry plants in terms of variety and quantity of vitamins. It contains the maximum amount of vitamins P and C (10-18%) valuable for the body. It contains 10 times more ascorbic acid (vitamin C) than black currants, 50 times more than lemons and 100 times more than apples. One to three rose hips can provide an adult’s daily requirement for this vitamin.

Rosehip vitamins are also represented by carotene (12-18 mg%), vitamins B1, B2, K, E, PP. Macro- and microelements include iron, potassium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. In addition, sugars (up to 24%) are found in rose hips - glucose and fructose, pectin substances (up to 4%), citric and malic acids (up to 2%), flavone glycosides, kaempferol, quercetin, tannins and coloring substances, essential oil.

Rosehip leaves are not deprived of vitamins either. They contain up to 1.5% ascorbic acid. Essential rose oil is obtained from the petals of rosehip flowers.

Rosehip leaves, branches and roots contain up to 4.5% tannins.

The seeds produce valuable rosehip oil, rich in carotene and vitamin E, containing linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids.

Blank

The fruits are collected during their ripeness, when they acquire an orange-red color, from late August - early September until frost; It should be collected carefully, by hand, in tarpaulin or other mittens, directly from the bush, and only whole bright red, unspoiled fruits, when they are still hard, trying not to crush them. Overripe fruits become juicy, soft and harder to pick. Freshly picked fruits must be dried immediately.

The fruits are dried in well-heated ovens, on iron sheets or nets. To dry a large number of berries, nets with berries are placed on bricks in 2-3 rows, but it is necessary to ensure that air has free access to all the berries and that the berries do not burn. They can be dried in fruit and vegetable dryers at a temperature of 80-90 ° C, and in the southern regions - in the sun. Dry rose hips are orange-red, taste sour-sweet, odorless.

If you have a summer house and want to grow rose hips, then it is better to plant it in the fall. And for normal fruiting, it is better to plant two or three types of rose hips that bloom at the same time. Rose hips begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years. The fruits can be dried, and in winter, brewed and drunk 1-2 glasses a day as a multivitamin drink.

Distribution area

Rose hips originally grew in the northern hemisphere. Later, some species spread southward all the way to the subtropics. Rosa montezumae grows in Mexico, R. abyssinica grows in Abyssinia and Arabia, R. leschenaultiana grows in southwest India, and R. transmorrisonensis and R. philippinensis grow on the island of Luzon.

Photo: how rose hips grow

In the north, some species are found up to the northern limit of forest growth and even to the Arctic Circle. These are R. acicularis, R. majalis, R. mollis. In Europe, rose hips grow as far as Iceland and northern Scandinavia. About 95 species are known in China, and 65 of them are found nowhere else.

In the natural environment in Europe and North America, only Rosa acicularis grows. Asian and North American species are neophytes on the European continent, and European ones are neophytes in America.

Application

Infusions from rosehip roots and fruits have long been used in folk medicine in cases of liver and gastrointestinal tract diseases. For stomach catarrh (gastritis) with reduced acidity, use an infusion of 3 tablespoons of rose hips per 1 liter of water, 1/2 cup 3 times a day.

Rose hips are a multivitamin with a predominance of vitamin C - ascorbic acid; they have phytoncidal and powerful bactericidal properties.

In Chinese medicine, rose hip root is used as a remedy that improves digestion and as an anthelmintic. In Tibetan medicine, the fruits are used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and atherosclerosis.

Cinnamon rosehip flower petals, chewed or boiled, are used for arrhythmias to strengthen the heart muscle.

Infused delicate rosehip petals produce rose aromatic water. Popular in cosmetology.

Rosehip oil or oil extract is a derivative whose therapeutic effect is predetermined by the complex of vitamins contained in the fruit. It has a general strengthening effect, enhances tissue regeneration and hormone synthesis, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, and has anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. It is often used externally for trophic ulcers, some diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.

Rose hips are used in the form of infusion, syrup, extract, powder, in the treatment of diseases caused by a lack of vitamin C and some other vitamins in the body. Rose hips are useful for patients with diabetes to enhance physical and mental performance, relieve fatigue, and overwork.

The drink obtained by steaming rosehip leaves improves gastric motility, and a decoction of the roots is used as an astringent and tonic for gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and gallstone disease. Rosehip seed oil is used as a choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

The liver will be much healthier if you drink a decoction of rose hips in monthly courses several times a year.

Contraindications

There are almost no pronounced contraindications for the use of rosehip flowers. You should limit the use of drugs based on rose petals if you are prone to allergies, and also be careful when taking such drugs in case of exacerbation of chronic diseases and individual intolerance to the components.

Place for planting rose hips

To grow rose hips , it is better to choose well-lit areas; make sure that the place for planting rose hips is not swampy or excessively wet - planting rose hips in such a place can lead to a decrease in yield, because Rosehip roots grow deep into the soil. The best soil for growing rose hips is gray forest soil or black soil.

If we talk about the timing of planting rose hips, then rose hips can be planted both in spring and autumn. For planting, it is better to use one- or two-year-old rosehip seedlings. Most often, rosehip seedlings are planted in October or early November.

The soil must be cleared of previous crops and processed to a depth of about 20 cm. If the soil is acidic, it is better to add rotted manure or a mixture of compost and mineral fertilizers.

To plant rose hips, you need to dig holes 50*50*50, at a distance of two meters from each other, and “fill” them with the following mixture:

- top plant layer of soil

- about 15 kg of humus

- 250 g superphosphate

– 50 g of potassium sulfate

It is also important to prepare rosehip seedlings for planting:

- the ground part of the rose hips must be shortened to 10 cm

- roots are shortened to 20 cm

— seedlings are immersed in a container with a mixture of peat and manure (one shovel of manure + one shovel of peat)

Next, you need to generously water the pits for planting rose hips and you can plant the seedlings.

If we talk about the propagation of rose hips, then this can be done in several ways.

Growing conditions

Most wild roses are light-loving and grow only in open areas, but there are also some that tolerate shade or partial shade well. Temperature is of secondary importance for many. Some species (R. gallica, R. jundzillii, R. stylosa) develop better in warm places, others (R. pendulina) - in cooler places, for example, in the mountains. The soil should be slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, not saturated with nitrogen.

The plants form dense thickets and are used to create hedges. They can be found on forest edges, in the undergrowth, along rivers, and on sand spits.

Rose hips: methods of propagation

Rose hips are propagated by seedlings, root cuttings and seeds.

Propagation by seedlings is the most popular method of propagating rose hips, because Thanks to this method, you can “get” a full-fledged shrub in the shortest possible time. Planting takes place in late October - early November. If the soil is acidic, lime fertilizers should be added to it. Rosehip seedlings are pruned so that subsequently 8-10 cm remain above the surface. It is better to plant the bushes at a distance of two meters from each other.

Propagation by root layering is carried out as follows: we select the largest, most beautiful and healthy bush, from it we separate the rhizomatous shoot with a shovel, which we will replant.

Propagating rose hips by seeds is considered a “thankless task”, because... requires a lot of effort and is the most time consuming. However, many gardeners prefer this method of propagation.

It is recommended to collect material for seed propagation at the end of summer; not quite ripe, brown rose hips are collected. Planting of seeds is carried out in mid-autumn: the seeds are planted in rows and sprinkled with sawdust for the winter. In the spring, as soon as the first shoots appear, the bed is covered with a film (greenhouse), which can be removed when the first full leaves appear.

As it turns out, planting rose hips is not a difficult task. “How to properly care for rose hips?” - you ask, then I suggest you learn more about it.

Therapeutic effects on women

Rosehip has unique beneficial properties and has no contraindications for use in providing a beneficial effect on the woman’s body.

Clinical studies have proven that supplements with rose hips, due to the high content of L-arginine, L-citrulline and pycnogenol, rose hips have predominantly beneficial properties and have almost no contraindications for use by a healthy woman.

The supplement has also proven its effectiveness when used during postmenopause, however, due to the disproportionate ratio of pycnogenol and rosehip extract, it can be assumed that the latter is less important in achieving results compared to the effect of pycnogenol, which is largely effective on its own.

However, today there is no strong evidence in favor of the effectiveness of rose hips in improving a woman’s sexual health and stimulating libido, since the only available study on this topic did not examine rose hips separately, without interaction with other components.

Rosehip: proper care

Rose hips need watering, fertilizing, pruning and thinning of the bush.
Rose hips need watering, but there is no need to water them often: the plant absorbs enough moisture from the soil. Rose hips only need watering in very hot and dry weather. During the season, rose hips are watered no more than three times (at the rate of 2 buckets per bush).

As for fertilizing, rose hips need to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers three times a season.

- first feeding - in early spring, after hibernation

- second feeding - in mid-summer

- third feeding - during the fruiting period (in August)

Rose hips are also fertilized with organic fertilizers, because it is thanks to them that the rose hips will be stronger and healthier. Rose hips are fed with organic fertilizers once every three years (three buckets of humus are added to pre-loosened soil under one bush).

An important role in the “proper development” of a plant is played by pruning and thinning.

Rose hips need thinning starting from the second year of life. Old, dry or damaged shoots that have stopped bearing fruit are removed. Thinning is carried out in the fall, after leaf fall. The plant requires pruning by the eighth year of its life. This is done to rejuvenate the bush. A plant that begins to dry out is cut off flush with the ground, thus awakening the “sleeping” buds and young basal shoots begin to grow.

Rosehip: pest control

The main enemy of rose hips is the rose fly. This insect damages rose hips and can destroy about 70% of the crop. This pest overwinters in the pupal stage in the soil at a depth of about 10 cm. To combat it, the soil near the rose hip bush (and nearby) must be dug up to a depth of about 15 cm and the plant must be sprayed with BI-58.

So, as it turns out, planting rose hips is not such a labor-intensive process, and proper care will not only allow you to enjoy the unsurpassed appearance and aroma of rose hips, but will also provide you and your family with a storehouse of vitamins for the whole year.

Benefits for men

The benefits of rose hips for the male body are much more obvious. The unique properties of rose hips have been known to people since time immemorial, therefore all kinds of adherents of “traditional medicine” make all kinds of drugs from it, used for the prevention and treatment of a huge number of ailments, having a bunch of useful properties and an almost complete absence of contraindications for men. Taking various supplements and using rose hips helps:

• improving appetite;
• stimulating and raising vitality;
• improving the functioning of the digestive system;
• normalization of metabolism in the body;
• normalization of the circulatory system - strengthening the walls of blood vessels and improving blood flow;
• increasing immunity, especially after colds;
• fight against inflammatory processes in the body;
• an overall decrease of 3-3.5% in blood pressure during exacerbations of arterial hypertension;
• strengthening and maintaining the nervous system - especially during heavy mental stress;
• eliminating or significantly reducing the feeling of discomfort due to joint problems;
• avoiding vitamin deficiency and increasing resistance to various colds;
• normalization of cholesterol levels in the blood.

Varieties

When choosing rose hips for planting in your summer cottage, it is best to give preference to varieties with a high content of vitamins.

• Rugosa rose (R. rugosa). One of the most popular species among gardeners. Its height reaches one and a half meters. It has a huge number of shoots, which facilitates the reproduction process. The species is frost-resistant and is not afraid of soils rich in salts. It can grow in poor soils and windy places. The homeland of the wrinkled rose is the Far East.
• May rosehip , also known as Sh. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea L., R.maialis Herrm). In the wild it grows independently in the European part of Russia, right up to Siberia. The height of this plant varies around 2 m. It is distinguished by sparse thorns, and on shoots with flowers there are none at all. The species blooms in May.
• Rosehip needle (R. acicularis Lindley). A winter-hardy variety that can withstand severe frosts (up to -40 degrees). The height of the bush varies from 1 to 3 m. The fruits of the needle rose are distinguished by a high content of vitamin C, and their size reaches 1.5 cm.

  
  Webb's rose (R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle). A perennial plant whose height reaches 1 m. It has sparse, slightly curved thorns. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes white. It grows mainly on the slopes of mountain ranges (in the Himalayas, Pamirs, Tibet and Mongolia).

• Dog rose (R. canina) is a plant species with low ascorbic acid content. Its distinctive feature is the absence of a hole on the top of the head and rapidly falling leaves.

• “Vitaminny VNIVI” is an early-medium variety. Requires pollination. Therefore, you will need to plant another bush, but of a different variety. It has massive fruits and a considerable amount of vitamins. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg per plant. There are no thorns in the fruiting areas, which facilitates the process of collecting fruits.
• “Vorontsovsky 1” is a hybrid of two roses: wrinkled and Webb. In addition to vitamins C and bioflavonoids, it is high in folic acid. The yield of this variety is slightly higher than that of the previous one and is about 3 kg.
• “Large-fruited VNIVI” is a winter-hardy, high-yielding and disease- and pest-resistant variety. Characterized by long-lasting flowering. Rose hips are usually used to make jam, jam and other preparations.
• “Russian 1” is a vitamin variety. Grown mainly in the Ural region. Productivity is from 1.5 to 2 kg. Rust resistant.
• “Globus” is a winter-hardy variety, tall, and contains many vitamins.
• “Finger” is a winter-hardy and pest-resistant variety. Grown in the West Siberian region.
• "Victory" . Not much different from the previous variety. In addition to the above characteristics, it has a pleasant aroma.
• "Titan" is a tall shrub with fruits growing in 3-5 pieces. Productivity is very high, resistant to diseases and pests.
• “Apple” is a low shrub that has large fruits with a sweet and sour taste.
• “Sergievsky” is a variety with an average ripening period. The fruits are sweet and sour with a high content of vitamin C.
• "Ural Champion" . A very winter-hardy variety that is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.

Habitat

Cinnamon rose hips are widespread in most of the CIS. It can be found in the European part - with the exception of the Baltic countries and the Black Sea region of Russia, in Western Siberia - with the exception of the Far North, in Eastern Siberia - in the Angara-Sayan region, in the Yenisei region the plant is rare, as well as in Central Asia.

Rose hips grow in sparse mixed and deciduous forests, among shrubs, along the edges, clearings, meadows, along ravines and mountain gorges, on rocky slopes, preferring the banks of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water. There are both single plants and groups (thickets).

Fertilizer

Fertilizing requires special consideration. Root feeding is done about four times during the year: before and after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and after harvesting.

For the first feeding, organic fertilizer is required, which is diluted at the rate of 3 tbsp. l per bucket of water. The second feeding consists of half a glass of Agricola per bucket of water. Sometimes organic fertilizer is added.

The third feeding consists of using only Agricola.

For the last feeding, take a bucket of water and 2 tbsp. l "Agricolaaqua" products. This solution is used to treat rosehip bushes after flowering has ended three times every 10 days.

How to brew?

Among the variety of uses of rose hips, a number of the most common ones stand out, characterized by ease of preparation and a minimum set of necessary ingredients:

1. A tablespoon of rose hips is poured into a glass of water heated to 60-70 degrees, after which it is covered with a thick cloth and left for an hour.
2. The resulting broth is filtered through a sieve or cheesecloth.

Another type of preparing a decoction is to use crushed fruits instead of whole ones. The mashed berries are placed at the bottom of the thermos and brewed with water of the same temperature range, after which the resulting mixture is infused for half a day. It is recommended to use the same proportions of water and berries as in the previous recipe. It is not recommended to store this infusion; it is advisable to drink it a day before.

Leaf Shape

The appearance of the green frame depends on the type of plant. Therefore, the description of the rosehip leaf may vary. The leaves can be round or elliptical in shape. Their base may appear heart-shaped or round. The edges of the leaves can be serrate, doubly serrate or serrate-crenate. They can also be naked or with glands.

Rosehip leaves also vary in color. They may be green, reddish or bluish. But that's not all their differences. Also, depending on the type, they can be leathery, webbed, tough; wrinkled or smooth; bare or with edges.

When looking for an answer to the question of what kind of leaves a rosehip has, it is also important to remember that their size, thickness and shape directly depend not only on the species, but also on the conditions in which it grows. The influence is exerted by illumination, temperature, air humidity and carbon dioxide content, and the plant’s water supply.

Which fruit is healthier: round or oblong and can it be eaten?

The fruits of almost all types of rose hips have beneficial properties, with the exception of decorative varieties with beautiful flowers, but small and few berries.

Therefore, the elongated and spherical fruits contain a rich vitamin complex.

But round fruits are considered more valuable, since they are usually more fleshy and juicy, have a thin skin and their harvest is much more abundant. It is best to make jam from them or eat them fresh. But oblong berries are often harvested and used dried.